PB: Some readers confuse (after hasbara) the 1944 Warsaw Uprising with the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. The latter turns out to be grossly inflated by Judeocentrics.
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Review of Paszkwil Wyborczej: Michnik i Cichy o Powstaniu Warszawskim, by Leszek Zebrowski. 1995. Burchard edition, Warsaw
Reviewer: Mr. Jan Peczkis
The ARMIA KRAJOWA (A. K.) Accused of Killing Jews During the Warsaw Uprising. Jewish Michnik-Szechter Embraces Zydokomuna
THE LIBEL OF GAZETA WYBORCZA is the title of this Polish-language book. (My review is based on the 1995 edition). This work examines the libelous accusations of the leftist GAZETA WYBORCZA, made on the approaching 50th anniversary of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising. It also traces accusations, of the A. K. (and NSZ) killing Jews, to postwar Communist propaganda directed against patriotic Polish institutions, especially as promulgated by influential Jewish Communists in Poland and Israel.
ADAM MICHNIK-SZECHTER IDENTIFIES WITH ZYDOKOMUNA
Ironic to those who try to control thought by controlling use of the language, as by banning Zydokomuna (Bolshevized Judaism) from discourse as a “naughty” word, Michnik does not. In fact, he freely embraces (and personalizes) the term Zydokomuna in reference to a synthesis of Judaism and Communism. Writing in the June 1988 issue of POWSCIAGLIWOSC I PRACA (number 6 (443), p. 5), he comments, (quote) First I would like to say a few risky things. This is my need according to my profession as a historian. As you all certainly know, the society from which I come from is the liberal Zydokomuna in the strict sense, because my parents originated from a Jewish background and were Communists before the war. In those days, being a Communist meant more than belonging to the Party–it meant belonging to a certain language, to a certain culture, phobia, and passion. (unquote). (pp. 31-32).
DUBIOUS VALIDITY OF JEW-KILLING ACCUSATIONS
Allegations of Jew-killing are widely contradictory. For instance, the death of Calel Perechodnik is placed at very different times during the Warsaw Uprising. In addition, one account has him killed by Polish looters, while another has him dying under unknown circumstances. (pp. 7-8). Other accounts of Jew-killing contradict each other according to both the number of victims and the date of the alleged killings. (pp. 75-76).
Estimates of the number of Jews purportedly killed by the A. K. vary widely (60? 100?). Even if true, they are a tiny fraction of the 7,000–30,000 Warsaw Jews still alive at the start of the Warsaw Uprising. (pp. 38-39). Cichy, the accuser, admits that a large share of the accusations is documented weakly. (p. 38). Other accounts lack credibility because they assume the freedom to identify and kill entire groups of Jews under the impossible circumstances of German sniper fire, etc. (p. 66).
PROMINENT JEWISH A. K. LEADER DEBUNKS JEW-KILLING ACCUSATIONS
Stanislaw [Shlomo] Aronson (“Rysiek”), a onetime member of the elite counter-intelligence Kedyw unit of the A. K., and participant in the Warsaw Uprising, soundly rejected Jew-killing accusations directed in the A. K. (pp. 78-80). In a strongly worded letter to GAZETA WYBORCZA, he authoritatively noted that he never heard of such murders. He pointed out that Yad Vashem, founded in 1955, had a contingent of Communists with an obvious interest in slandering the A. K., including Shmuel Krakowski (see below). He also faulted Holocaust historian Martin Gilbert for having a “Don’t confuse me with the facts” attitude.
Aronson testified that Jews at the time did not gather in large numbers, and thus doubted the validity of Bornstein’s accusation of 30 (or 15) Jews killed by the A. K. at a house on Twarda Avenue. In addition, assuming that the crime took place, who can prove that all the victims were Jews? Finally, how can one know that the killers were A. K., when the A. K. and non-A. K. (including the Communist GL-AL) were dressed in much the same way? (p. 79). In addition, bandits sometimes wore A. K. insignia in order to deceive others.
COMMUNIST ACCUSERS
Many accusations of Jew-killing, directed at the A. K. and N.S.Z., have been popularized by Shmuel Krakowski, a historian at Yad Vashem, notably in his WAR OF THE DOOMED. Clearly, he was a deep-dyed, hard-core Communist. Before emigrating to Israel in 1968, he had been a politruk in the Polish “People’s” Army, and had played an active role in the Museum of the History of the Polish Revolutionary Movement. He had also been director of the archives of the Jewish Historical Institute.
Bernard Mark was another Jewish Communist who made charges of Jew-killing against the A. K. He had been professor and director of the Jewish Historical Institute. Bernard Mark has shown himself to be a non-credible author. (p. 57).
KILLING JEWS AS WELL AS NON-JEWS
Historian Teresa Prekerowa asserted that the Jew-killing case of A. K. Captain “Hala” (Waclaw Stykowski) was proved. However, the killing was done not by the unit, but by one person (Stykowski himself). (This is ostensibly ONE person proved, out of many thousands of A. K. soldiers participating in the Warsaw Uprising.) In addition, Stykowski had allegedly committed the murders of Jews in the context of banditry directed against Poles as well as Jews. (pp. 56-57; see also p. 143).
There were also circumstances in which the A. K. had been justified in administering death sentences, including against Jews. Some A. K. soldiers had deserted, taking their weaponry with them, and, in an attempt to avoid justice, had joined the Communist GL-AL bands. (pp. 45). Some GL-AL units were engaging in banditry. (p. 46). A number of Jewish Gestapo agents were also liquidated. (p. 95).